How to Implement FANET in ns2

To implement the Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) are a kind of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the nodes are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). We can executing the FANET in ns2 (Network Simulator 2) that has encompasses mimicking the communication among UAVs that are frequently highly mobile and require to maintain connectivity though moving.

Step-by-Step Implementations:

Conceptual Overview

In a FANET:

  1. UAV Nodes: It denotes the UAVs that interact with each other in an ad-hoc manner.
  2. Mobility Models: UAVs are highly mobile, so their movement wants to be emulated efficiently.
  3. Routing Protocols: The routing protocol Ad-hoc such as AODV, DSR, or others are used to handle the communication among UAVs nodes.

Step 1: Conceptualize the FANET Simulation

For this model, we will be created a basic FANET scenario including a few UAVs moving in a predefined area. The UAVs will interact using an ad-hoc routing protocol like AODV.

Step 2: Create the Tcl Script

The following is an instance Tcl script that mimics a basic FANET scenario in the simulation ns2.

Example Tcl Script for Simulating FANET in ns2

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define the topography object (for a larger area to simulate UAV movement)

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000  # 1km x 1km area

# Create the General Operations Director (GOD) for wireless simulations

create-god 4  # Number of nodes (4 UAVs)

# Configure the nodes for FANET communication using AODV

$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \

-llType LL \

-macType Mac/802_11 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \

-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace OFF

# Open trace and NAM files for recording the simulation

set tracefile [open fanet_out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open fanet_out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 1000 1000

# Define a finish procedure to close files and end the simulation

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam fanet_out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Create UAV nodes

set uav1 [$ns node]

set uav2 [$ns node]

set uav3 [$ns node]

set uav4 [$ns node]

# Set initial positions for UAVs

$uav1 set X_ 100.0

$uav1 set Y_ 100.0

$uav1 set Z_ 0.0

$uav2 set X_ 200.0

$uav2 set Y_ 200.0

$uav2 set Z_ 0.0

$uav3 set X_ 300.0

$uav3 set Y_ 300.0

$uav3 set Z_ 0.0

$uav4 set X_ 400.0

$uav4 set Y_ 400.0

$uav4 set Z_ 0.0

# Define mobility for UAVs (moving in a straight line for simplicity)

$ns at 1.0 “$uav1 setdest 900.0 100.0 10.0”

$ns at 1.0 “$uav2 setdest 900.0 200.0 10.0”

$ns at 1.0 “$uav3 setdest 900.0 300.0 10.0”

$ns at 1.0 “$uav4 setdest 900.0 400.0 10.0”

# Define communication traffic between UAVs

set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $uav1 $udp1

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $uav4 $null1

$ns connect $udp1 $null1

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 512

$cbr1 set rate_ 100Kb

$cbr1 start

# Schedule the end of the simulation

$ns at 50.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 3: Run the Tcl Script

We can save the script including a .tcl extension, for instance, fanet_simulation.tcl and then we can run the script using the below command in the terminal:

ns fanet_simulation.tcl

Step 4: Visualize the Simulation

We can visualize the emulation, open the created the NAM file using:

nam fanet_out.nam

Script Explanation

  • UAV Nodes: The nodes like uav1, uav2, uav3, and uav4 are denote the UAVs within the FANET.
  • Mobility: Every single node UAV is placed to move in a straight line through the emulation area, that is a simple but general pattern in FANETs.
  • Ad-hoc Routing: The routing protocol AODV is used to handle communication among the UAVs.
  • Traffic Generation: A UDP agent is connected to uav1, and a Null agent is attached to uav4 to mimic communication among its two UAVs.

Customization

  • Complex Mobility Models: To execute more difficult mobility models like random waypoint, group mobility to improve mimic the movement patterns of UAVs in various situations.
  • More UAVs: Append further UAVs to emulate a larger FANET with more difficult communication patterns.
  • Different Routing Protocols: Investigate with other ad-hoc routing protocols such as DSR or OLSR to calculate their performance in a FANET.
  • Varying Traffic Patterns: Investigate with various traffic patterns such as CBR, FTP, and VoIP to mimic several communication scenarios within the FANET.

Limitations

  • Simplified Mobility: The mobility simulation is used in this instance is basic and may not exactly reflect real-world UAV movement patterns.
  • Limited FANET-Specific Features: The simulation tool ns2 does not natively support FANET-specific characterises such as 3D mobility models or enhanced UAV communication protocols.
  • No Physical Layer Simulation: The script does not mimic the physical layer features particular to UAV communication, like changing altitudes, RF propagation, or interference.

Overall, we had clearly demonstrated the implementation process are supports to execute and simulate the FANET that were apply in ns2 Also we elaborate further information regarding this topic in another manual if required. FANET project topics, along with their implementation outcomes, receive support from the developers at ns2projects.com, who provide guidance on project execution. We have all the necessary tools to get your work done ontime.