How to Implement Flying Vehicle Communication in NS2

To implement the Flying Vehicle Communication in NS2, We can replicate the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) interacting with one another in a multi-hop wireless network. It can be established in situations like drone communication networks or aerial ad-hoc networks (FANETs). Use Mobility models and wireless communication protocols like 802.11 with ad-hoc routing protocols (like AODV, DSR) to replicate flying vehicles. Here is a guide to implement a simple flying vehicle communication using ns2:

Steps to Implement Flying Vehicle Communication in NS2

  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment

Make sure that NS2 is installed and properly configured. The built-in support for wireless networks and mobility models will be used to replicate the movement of flying vehicles like UAVs.

  1. Create a TCL Script for Flying Vehicle Communication

Below is a sample of how you can configure a simulation for UAV communication using NS2, where UAVs communicate in a multi-hop wireless ad-hoc network with mobility.

Example TCL Script for Flying Vehicle Communication:

# Create a new NS2 simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Open trace file and NAM output file

set tracefile [open uav_communication.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set namfile [open uav_communication.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

# Define wireless parameters and propagation model

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy

set val(mac)    Mac/802_11

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue

set val(ifqlen) 50

set val(ll)     LL

set val(rp)     AODV   ;# Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol

set val(x)      1000   ;# X dimension of the simulation area (meters)

set val(y)      1000   ;# Y dimension of the simulation area (meters)

# Create topography for flying vehicles

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Configure node properties for UAVs

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON

# Create nodes representing UAVs

set uav0 [$ns node]

set uav1 [$ns node]

set uav2 [$ns node]

set uav3 [$ns node]

set uav4 [$ns node]

# Set initial positions of UAVs (X, Y, Z)

$uav0 set X_ 100

$uav0 set Y_ 200

$uav0 set Z_ 100   ;# Z coordinate represents altitude

$uav1 set X_ 300

$uav1 set Y_ 400

$uav1 set Z_ 120

$uav2 set X_ 500

$uav2 set Y_ 300

$uav2 set Z_ 150

$uav3 set X_ 700

$uav3 set Y_ 200

$uav3 set Z_ 130

$uav4 set X_ 900

$uav4 set Y_ 400

$uav4 set Z_ 160

# Define mobility pattern for UAVs (use setdest to move them dynamically)

$ns at 1.0 “$uav0 setdest 400 400 20”   ;# UAV0 moves to (400, 400) at 20 m/s

$ns at 2.0 “$uav1 setdest 600 500 15”   ;# UAV1 moves to (600, 500) at 15 m/s

$ns at 3.0 “$uav2 setdest 800 300 18”   ;# UAV2 moves to (800, 300) at 18 m/s

$ns at 4.0 “$uav3 setdest 1000 200 22”  ;# UAV3 moves to (1000, 200) at 22 m/s

$ns at 5.0 “$uav4 setdest 1200 600 25”  ;# UAV4 moves to (1200, 600) at 25 m/s

# Create UDP agents for communication between UAVs

set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $uav0 $udp0

set null0 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $uav4 $null0

# Connect UAV0 to UAV4 through multi-hop communication

$ns connect $udp0 $null0

# Create Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic between UAV0 and UAV4

set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr0 set packetSize_ 1000

$cbr0 set rate_ 1Mb

$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0

# Start and stop the traffic

$ns at 1.5 “$cbr0 start”

$ns at 9.0 “$cbr0 stop”

# Schedule simulation end

$ns at 10.0 “finish”

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam uav_communication.nam &

exit 0

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Explanation of Key Components
  • UAV Nodes: The script states five UAVs (uav0 to uav4) with certain initial locations in a 3D space (X, Y, Z) indicating their places in the air.
  • Mobility Pattern: The UAVs move dynamically over time using the setdest command. For instance, UAV0 travels to a new position (400, 400) at a speed of 20 m/s.
  • Wireless Communication: The UAVs interact through a wireless channel using 802.11 and AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) routing protocol, which backs multi-hop routing amongst nodes.
  • Traffic Generation: UDP/CBR traffic is produced from uav0 to uav4, replicating communication amongst two UAVs using intermediate nodes for multi-hop transmission.
  • NAM Visualization: The simulation designs a NAM file that can be used to visualize the UAV communication and mobility in real-time.
  1. Run the Simulation

Log the script as uav_communication.tcl and execute it in NS2 using the given command:

ns uav_communication.tcl

After the simulation is done, you can view the produced trace file (uav_communication.tr) and visualize the simulation using NAM:

nam uav_communication.nam

In NAM, you will see the UAV nodes travelling and interacting as stated in the simulation script.

  1. Analyze the Simulation

Assess the performance of the UAV communication network by evaluating the output trace file (uav_communication.tr) to. Key metrics you can analyze include:

  • Throughput: How much data was successfully transferred amongst the UAVs.
  • Latency: The delay experienced during communication, certainly in multi-hop scenarios.
  • Packet Loss: Any packets lost because of mobility or wireless intrusions.

Example: Analyzing Throughput

To compute throughput, you can use an AWK script to process the trace file and extract the amount of bytes transmitted:

awk ‘/^r/ && /udp/ {sum+=$5} END {print “Throughput: “, sum/10, “bytes/sec”}’ uav_communication.tr

This script estimates the total bytes obtained and breaks down them by the simulation time (10 seconds) to compute throughput.

  1. Extend the Simulation

Add more latest situations by extending the simple simulation:

  1. a) Multiple UAV Groups

Replicate several groups of UAVs communicating with one another. For instance, generate various clusters of UAVs performing coordinated tasks.

  1. b) Interference and Noise

Include error models to replicate the influence of interruptions or noise on communication:

set loss_model [new ErrorModel]

$loss_model set rate_ 0.01      ;# 1% packet loss rate

$ns lossmodel $loss_model $uav0 $uav1

  1. c) Energy Models

Imitate energy utilization for each UAV based on their transmission, reception, and idle states by incorporating an energy model:

$ns node-config -energyModel EnergyModel -initialEnergy 100.0 -txPower 0.5 -rxPower 0.3

  1. d) QoS and Prioritization

Prioritize vital UAV communication (e.g., emergency communication) over regular data traffic by executing Quality of Service (QoS) features.

  1. e) Routing Protocols

Experiment with various routing protocols like DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), to monitor how they perform under different mobility patterns.

Utilize the given elaborated simulation, you can acquire the knowledge about the implementation and execution of the Flying Vehicle communications in the simulated network using ns2. If needed, we will provide any other information which is essential for you.

Our developers focuses on Mobility models and wireless communication methods such as 802.11, along with ad-hoc routing protocols like AODV and DSR that connect to your project. If you want to set up Flying Vehicle Communication in NS2, make sure to visit ns2project.com. There, our skilled developers provide great help. You can also get advice on improving your project’s network performance from our experts.