How to Implement Biomedical Networks in ns2

To implement the Biomedical Networks within the tool NS2 has encompasses mimicking the communication networks are created for the healthcare applications. This networks are frequently contain the medical sensors, wearable devices, and central monitoring systems that gather, transmit, and examine the physiological data. The concentration is on make sure that reliable, low-latency communication with high levels of security and energy efficiency.

The followings are simple approaches to executing a basic Biomedical Network in NS2:

Step-by-Step Implementations:

  1. Understand Biomedical Network Components:
  • Medical Sensors: The devices where observe and transmit physiological data, like heart rate, blood pressure, or glucose levels.
  • Wearable Devices: The moveable devices that gather and transfer data to a central system.
  • Central Monitoring System: In this system, a server or a set of servers that gather, examine, and respond to the data from sensors and wearable devices.
  • Gateway Nodes: Devices that performs when intermediaries among the sensors/wearables and the central monitoring system, probably aggregating data or executing the first analysis.
  1. Set Up the NS2 Environment:
  • Make sure NS2 is installed on the system.
  • Acquaint with writing TCL scripts, as NS2 simulations are controlled through the TCL.
  1. Define the Network Topology:
  • We can make the nodes that denote the medical sensors, wearable devices, gateway nodes, and the central monitoring system. These nodes will mimic the communication links among the various parts of the biomedical network.

# Define the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

# Create a trace file for analysis

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Create a NAM file for animation

set namfile [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 10

# Set up the network parameters

set opt(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel      ;# Channel type

set opt(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround     ;# Radio-propagation model

set opt(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy              ;# Network interface type

set opt(mac)    Mac/802_11                   ;# MAC type

set opt(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue      ;# Interface queue type

set opt(ll)     LL                           ;# Link layer type

set opt(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna          ;# Antenna model

set opt(ifqlen) 50                           ;# Max packet in ifq

set opt(x)      1000                         ;# X dimension of the topography

set opt(y)      1000                         ;# Y dimension of the topography

set opt(adhocRouting) AODV                   ;# Ad hoc routing protocol

# Create a topography object

create-god 50

# Configure the nodes (e.g., medical sensors, wearable devices, gateways, monitoring systems)

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(adhocRouting) \

-llType $opt(ll) \

-macType $opt(mac) \

-ifqType $opt(ifq) \

-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \

-antType $opt(ant) \

-propType $opt(prop) \

-phyType $opt(netif) \

-channelType $opt(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace OFF \

-movementTrace ON

# Create nodes: Medical Sensors, Wearable Devices, Gateway, and Monitoring System

set sensor1 [$ns node]  ;# Medical Sensor 1

set sensor2 [$ns node]  ;# Medical Sensor 2

set wearable1 [$ns node]  ;# Wearable Device 1

set gateway1 [$ns node]   ;# Gateway Node 1

set monitor1 [$ns node]   ;# Central Monitoring System

# Set initial positions for the nodes

$sensor1 set X_ 200.0

$sensor1 set Y_ 300.0

$sensor1 set Z_ 0.0

$sensor2 set X_ 400.0

$sensor2 set Y_ 300.0

$sensor2 set Z_ 0.0

$wearable1 set X_ 300.0

$wearable1 set Y_ 400.0

$wearable1 set Z_ 0.0

$gateway1 set X_ 500.0

$gateway1 set Y_ 500.0

$gateway1 set Z_ 0.0

$monitor1 set X_ 600.0

$monitor1 set Y_ 600.0

$monitor1 set Z_ 0.0

  1. Simulate Communication Between Nodes:
  • Set up the communication links among the sensors, wearable devices, gateway nodes, and the central monitoring system. These links denotes the data transmission channels in the biomedical network.

# Create duplex links between nodes to simulate biomedical network communication

$ns duplex-link $sensor1 $gateway1 2Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $sensor2 $gateway1 2Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $wearable1 $gateway1 2Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $gateway1 $monitor1 10Mb 5ms DropTail

  1. Implement Data Transmission:
  • Mimic the communication of physiological data from the sensors and wearable devices to the gateway and from the gateway to the central monitoring system. We can be used TCP/UDP agents to model these transmissions.

# Sensor 1 sends data to the Gateway

set udp_sensor1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $sensor1 $udp_sensor1

set udp_gateway1_sink [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $gateway1 $udp_gateway1_sink

$ns connect $udp_sensor1 $udp_gateway1_sink

# Start sending data from Sensor 1

set sensor1_app [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$sensor1_app set packetSize_ 64

$sensor1_app set interval_ 0.1

$sensor1_app attach-agent $udp_sensor1

$ns at 1.0 “$sensor1_app start”

# Sensor 2 sends data to the Gateway

set udp_sensor2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $sensor2 $udp_sensor2

set udp_gateway1_sink2 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $gateway1 $udp_gateway1_sink2

$ns connect $udp_sensor2 $udp_gateway1_sink2

# Start sending data from Sensor 2

set sensor2_app [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$sensor2_app set packetSize_ 64

$sensor2_app set interval_ 0.1

$sensor2_app attach-agent $udp_sensor2

$ns at 1.5 “$sensor2_app start”

# Wearable Device sends data to the Gateway

set udp_wearable1 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $wearable1 $udp_wearable1

set udp_gateway1_sink3 [new Agent/UDP]

$ns attach-agent $gateway1 $udp_gateway1_sink3

$ns connect $udp_wearable1 $udp_gateway1_sink3

# Start sending data from Wearable Device

set wearable1_app [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$wearable1_app set packetSize_ 64

$wearable1_app set interval_ 0.1

$wearable1_app attach-agent $udp_wearable1

$ns at 2.0 “$wearable1_app start”

# Gateway forwards data to the Central Monitoring System

set tcp_gateway1 [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $gateway1 $tcp_gateway1

set tcp_monitor1_sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $monitor1 $tcp_monitor1_sink

$ns connect $tcp_gateway1 $tcp_monitor1_sink

# Start forwarding data from Gateway to Central Monitoring System

set gateway1_app [new Application/FTP]

$gateway1_app attach-agent $tcp_gateway1

$ns at 3.0 “$gateway1_app start”

  1. Implement Security Measures:
  • To execute the simple security measures like encryption or authentication by mimicking secure communication channels among the nodes.

# Example procedure to simulate secure communication (basic encryption)

proc secure_communication {sender receiver data} {

global ns

set encrypted_data [string map {A Z B Y C X} $data] ;# Simple character substitution

$ns at [expr $ns now + 0.1] “$sender send $encrypted_data to $receiver”

puts “Secure communication: $data encrypted to $encrypted_data”

}

# Schedule secure communication between Sensor 1 and Gateway

$ns at 2.0 “secure_communication $sensor1 $gateway1 {heartbeat:75}”

  1. Implement Power Efficiency (Optional):
  • Mimic the power-efficient communication by executing the sleep modes or energy-aware transmission protocols.

# Example of simulating sleep mode for energy savings

proc enter_sleep_mode {node duration} {

global ns

puts “Node $node entering sleep mode for $duration seconds.”

$ns at [expr $ns now] “$node set power_mode OFF”

$ns at [expr $ns now + $duration] “$node set power_mode ON”

}

# Schedule nodes to enter sleep mode when idle

$ns at 5.0 “enter_sleep_mode $sensor1 2.0”

$ns at 6.0 “enter_sleep_mode $sensor2 2.0”

  1. Run the Simulation:
  • We can describe when the simulation should end and then we run it. The end process will close the trace files and introduce the NAM for visualization.

# Define the finish procedure

proc finish {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0

}

# Schedule the finish procedure at 20 seconds

$ns at 20.0 “finish”

# Run the simulation

$ns run

  1. Analyse the Results:
  • We can use the trace file (out.tr) to examine the data transmission, network performance, and energy consumption.
  • We open the NAM file (out.nam) to visualize the network operations and monitor the interactions among the medical sensors, wearable devices, gateways, and the central monitoring system.
  1. Customize and Extend:
  • We can modify the simulation by:
    • We can appending more nodes to denote a larger biomedical network including various sensors, wearable devices, and gateways.
    • To execute more sophisticated security protocols, data aggregation techniques, or power management strategies.
    • Mimicking various traffic conditions, like continuous monitoring or emergency data transmission, to check the reliability and act of the biomedical network.

Example Summary:

This instance sets up a simple Biomedical Network simulation within the simulator NS2, concentrating on the communication among the medical sensors, wearable devices, gateways, and a central monitoring system. It mimics the data transmission, security, and power efficiency.

Advanced Considerations:

  • For more difficult scenarios, we deliberate the incorporating NS2 with specialized healthcare simulation tools or emerging custom modules to improve mimic biomedical-specific communication protocols and the sensor behaviours.
  • We can deliberate the expanding the simulation to contain furthered characteristics such as real-time monitoring, fault detection, or health data analytics.

Debugging and Optimization:

  • We can use the trace-all command to debug the emulation and evaluate the packet flows.
  • To enhance the simulation by refining communication protocols, modifying the security measures, and fine-tuning network parameters for improved performance and energy efficiency.

In this module, we thoroughly followed a step-by-step process on Biomedical Networks, implementing and analysing it through the simulation tool ns2. Also, we will present more informations regarding this process as required.

Our team comprises top experts specializing in the implementation of Biomedical Networks using the ns2 tool. We invite you to reach out to us for exceptional results. Experience superior simulation outcomes with our services, as we focus on providing reliable, low-latency communication tailored to your projects.