How to Implement DSR Protocol in NS2

 

To implement the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol within NS2 (Network Simulator 2), that we can follow these implementation steps. This protocol is a routing protocol was created for wireless mesh networks, particularly the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The simulation tool NS2 has a built-in execution of the DSR protocol, thus we normally don’t require to execute it from the scratch. We can make a simulation situation which uses the DSR protocol.

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Step 1: Install NS2

If we make sure that installed NS2, We can download it from the NS2 webpage and we pursue the installation instructions. Check the installation by running a simple simulation.

Step 2: Create a DSR Simulation Script

  1. Create a new Tcl script: Open a text editor and make a new file, for instance dsr_example.tcl.
  2. Set up the simulation environment: Starting by describing the simulator, setting up the network topology, and set up the metrics particular to the simulation.

# Create a simulator object

set ns [new Simulator]

# Define options for the simulation

set val(chan)   Channel/WirelessChannel    ;# Channel type

set val(prop)   Propagation/TwoRayGround   ;# Propagation model

set val(netif)  Phy/WirelessPhy            ;# Network interface type

set val(mac)    Mac/802_11                 ;# MAC type

set val(ifq)    Queue/DropTail/PriQueue    ;# Interface Queue type

set val(ll)     LL                         ;# Link layer type

set val(ant)    Antenna/OmniAntenna        ;# Antenna type

set val(ifqlen) 50                         ;# Max packet in ifq

set val(nn)     10                         ;# Number of mobile nodes

set val(rp)     DSR                        ;# Routing Protocol

set val(x)      500                        ;# X dimension of topography

set val(y)      500                        ;# Y dimension of topography

set val(stop)   10.0                       ;# Simulation time

# Initialize the topology object

set topo [new Topography]

$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# Create the God object

create-god $val(nn)

# Configure the nodes

$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \

-llType $val(ll) \

-macType $val(mac) \

-ifqType $val(ifq) \

-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \

-antType $val(ant) \

-propType $val(prop) \

-phyType $val(netif) \

-channelType $val(chan) \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace ON \

-movementTrace ON

  1. Create nodes and define mobility:

# Create mobile nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

$node_($i) random-motion 1

}

# Define node movement

$node_(0) set X_ 50.0

$node_(0) set Y_ 50.0

$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0

$node_(1) set X_ 150.0

$node_(1) set Y_ 100.0

$node_(1) set Z_ 0.0

# (Add movement patterns or use mobility models as needed)

  1. Setup traffic sources:

# Create a TCP agent and attach it to node 0

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp

set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $sink

$ns connect $tcp $sink

# Create a FTP application and attach it to TCP agent

set ftp [new Application/FTP]

$ftp attach-agent $tcp

$ftp set type_ FTP

$ftp start

  1. Setup simulation end:

# Define simulation end time

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns at $val(stop) “$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)”

$ns at $val(stop) “exit 0”

proc stop {} {

global ns tracefile namfile

$ns flush-trace

close $tracefile

close $namfile

}

# Run the simulation

$ns run

Step 3: Run the Simulation

  1. We can save the Tcl script like dsr_example.tcl.
  2. Open a terminal and navigate to the directory in which we can saved the Tcl script.
  3. Run the simulation using the below command:

ns dsr_example.tcl

It will produce trace files and optionally a network animation file if permitted in the script.

Step 4: Analyse the Results

We can use the tools such as awk, perl, or any other scripting language to process the trace files made by NS2 to examine the performance of the DSR protocol.

Step 5: Visualize the Results (Optional)

If we have permitted the network animator (NAM) in the script, we can visualize the simulation:

nam dsr_example.nam

It will open the NAM window in which we can understand the network topology and the behaviour of DSR when the simulation.

Additional Tips:

  • We can change the number of nodes, simulation time, and other metrics to monitor how DSR acts under various conditions.
  • To investigate deeper, we can check out the NS2’s source code to know how DSR is executed internally, that can be obtained in the dsr folder in the NS2 directory.

According this process we have seen and aggregated the needed informations about the implementations and example based on DSR protocol that includes the simulation process using ns2. Further data and concepts will be provided depending on your needs. If you want to implement the DSR Protocol in NS2, you can check out ns2project.com. They can help you with fresh ideas and interesting topics!