How to implement RPL protocol in ns2

To implement the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks protocol (RPL) in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) has several steps to follows that has to generate or combined the RPL protocol model, setup the NS2 environment, and running simulations and we usually have to add a distinct protocol implementation for the reason that NS2 does not support RPL. Check out the manual we provided to get the RPL protocol up and running with ns2.

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Set Up NS2 Environment:
  • Make sure that NS2 is installed on the system. We can download and install it from NS2 official sources.
  • Validate that the NS2 installation works by executing a basic sample of TCL script.
  1. Add RPL Protocol to NS2:
  • Meanwhile NS2 does not natively support RPL, so we will need to add RPL support manually. There are a few diverse techniques that we can take:
    • Integrate an External Module: If someone has already executed the RPL for NS2, then we can incorporate that module into the NS2 installation.
    • Implement RPL Yourself: We can manually execute the RPL in NS2 by adjusting and expanding the existing routing protocol files.

For both approaches, follow these general steps:

  1. External RPL Module:
  • Search for existing RPL implementations for NS2. For example, some researchers might have distributed their implementations online like on GitHub or research project websites.
  • Download the RPL implementation and follow any provided procedures to cobined it with NS2 environment and this is usually includes the copying protocol files to the suitable directories and adjusting the Makefile.in and Makefile to contain the new protocol.
  1. Manual RPL Implementation:
  • Create New Protocol Files: If we decide to execute the RPL from scratch or adjust the existing code, we need to generate or adapt the numerous C++ files in the ns-2.xx/ directory:
    • rpl.cc: This file will contain the main RPL protocol logic.
    • rpl.h: This file will describe the structures and functions used in rpl.cc.
  • Modify NS2 Core Files:
    • Update the ns-2.xx/Makefile.in to contain the new protocol files.
    • Adjust the ns-2.xx/common/packet.h and ns-2.xx/common/packet.cc to conclude the RPL protocol type.
  • Update TCL Interface:
    • Attach TCL bindings for the RPL protocol so it can be used in simulation scripts. This might include to editing the ns-2.xx/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl file.
  1. Compile NS2:
  • After incorporating or executing the RPL, recompile NS2 to contain the new protocol:

cd ns-allinone-2.xx/ns-2.xx/

make clean

make

  1. Create TCL Script for RPL Simulation:
  • Generate a TCL script that configures a network to use RPL as the routing protocol. The given below is a template:

# Define the number of nodes

set val(nn)           10

set val(x)            500

set val(y)            500

set val(stop)         10.0

# Initialize the simulator

set ns [new Simulator]

set tracefile [open out.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

# Define the network nodes

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {

set node_($i) [$ns node]

$node_($i) random-motion 0

}

# Setup RPL Routing Protocol

$ns node-config -adhocRouting RPL \

-llType LL \

-macType Mac/802_11 \

-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \

-ifqLen 50 \

-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \

-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \

-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \

-topoInstance $topo \

-agentTrace ON \

-routerTrace ON \

-macTrace OFF \

-movementTrace OFF

# Define traffic in the network

set udp [new Agent/UDP]

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp

$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr set packetSize_ 1000

$cbr set interval_ 0.005

$cbr attach-agent $udp

$ns connect $udp $null

$ns at 0.1 “$cbr start”

# Set node positions (optional)

$node_(0) set X_ 0.0

$node_(0) set Y_ 0.0

$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0

$node_(1) set X_ 100.0

$node_(1) set Y_ 0.0

$node_(1) set Z_ 0.0

# Run the simulation

$ns at $val(stop) “stop”

$ns run

  1. Run the Simulation:
  • Save the TCL script like rpl_example.tcl and executed it using NS2:

ns rpl_example.tcl

  1. Analyse the Results:
  • After running the simulation, evaluate the trace file to monitor the characteristics of the RPL protocol. We can use tools such as AWK or Perl scripts to extract the particular information.
  1. Visualize the Simulation:
  • Use NAM (Network Animator) to visualize the simulation:

nam out.nam

  1. Further Customization and Testing:
  • Depending on the research goals, we need to customize the RPL implementation further or validate it under diverse network scenarios.

We clearly understood and get knowledge about how to install the ns2 simulation and how to deploy the routing protocol for low power and lossy network protocol has execute in ns2 simulator. We plan to elaborate how the RPL protocol will perform in other simulation tool. We’re here to assist you with the RPL protocol model, setting up the NS2 environment, and running simulations for your projects. Hit up ns2project.com for top-notch support and to grab some thesis ideas and topics from us.