NS2 PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL
NS2 Programming Tutorial offers you a compact guidance on NS2 basics to equip you with the complete knowledge of NS2. Our NS-2 Tutorial service has started with the collaboration of top experts and also NS2 developers from all over the world. We have started our service, with a motive to help the beginners with the basics of NS-2 programming. Once you are done with NS-2 programming, we will offer you our complete guidance to develop your own project, assignment or research work in NS2, to make your fundamentals strong in NS2.You can also a beginner in NS-2, but once you commit with us, we can also make you an expert of NS2. As an initial step towards our guidance, we also have provided few basic programming concepts in NS2 below. Approach us also for further guidance; and explore the field of NS2 simulation.
NS-2 PROGRAMMING-TUTORIAL
In NS2 programming tutorial mainly deals two major programming paradigm i.e. C++[programming language] and also Tool Command language[TCL- Scripting language]. To be more precise, NS2 is implemented in OTCL [Object oriented extension of TCL]. Let’s have a glance over the basics of TCL and OTCL.
TCL IN NS-2
- Used to write simulation script in NS2.
- It is an interpreted language which has also each instruction as a command
- To declare variable in TCL:
“Set” command is used to create a variable and assign value to it.
set < variable name > < variable value >
For ex. Set a 10
Here, we have declared a variable “a” with value 10.
To write the value of the variable, use the command,
Set a;
To unset the variable use,
Unset a;
To use the variable value:
- Value of any variable is used by using the symbol $. For ex, if we want to assign a value of a to another variable b, use the command:
set b $a
To perform the basic operation:
- Here, we make use of expr command which takes entire expression as arguments.
Sample Example:
Set x 20
set y 30
expr $x + $y// output will be 50
IF-else loop in TCL:
if
{
condition
}
{
If – body
}
// Another syntax
if [ expr condition]
{
If – body
}
Looping in NS2:
- Similar to loop statement as in C. Only difference is the condition specification.
//while Loop
while
{
condition
}
{
while-body
}
//for loop
For { initialization } { condition } { increment/decrement }
{
Loop body
}
For Arrays in TCL:
- TCL supports named array i.e. string is given as named variable.
For ex.
set x(0) 10
set x(1) 30
puts $ x(0)
To define a procedure in TCL:
- Used to combine multiple commands into a new command
Proc < procedure name >
{ }
{
procedure body
}
File Handling in TCL:
Before performing any operation on a file, it must also first opened. Various modes in which it is opened are:
- Read only mode[r]
- Append Mode[a]
- Read and also Write[r+]
- Write only mode[w]
- Write-and Read[w+]
Syntax:
Open <file name> <acc_type> // for opening the file
open filename.txt r[specify mode]
OTCL IN NS2:
- Object Oriented extension of TCL(Tool Command language)
- Basics of OTCL:
Define a class in OTCL:
- Classes can also taken as defined data types where as objects are considered as variables of that data types.
Class < class name >To define a class data member:· Defined using the “set” command with object name
< object name > set < attribute name > < attribute value >
To define methods in class:[Use of instproc command]:
< class name > instproc < function name >
{ arguments }
{
Function body
}
To define access class attribute inside the method:
$ self instvar < variable name > < variable name >
To define Constructor and Destructor:
Define Constructor:
- Used to assign default values to data members. Let’s take an example program to understand it better.
Class Acc
Acc instproc init { }
{
$self instvar name balance type
$ self set balance 00
$self set type “current”
}
Acc xx
puts [xx set balance]
puts [xx set type]//output xx 00 balance
To define the Destructor:
- Does not have also the same name as class name
- Used to remove the object from the interpreter and also releases its memory.
To define Inheritance in OTCL:
- Inheritance is also used to create new class from the existing class,
- Existing class is known as super class while the inherited class is also known as sub class.
- This concepts is also based on OOPs concept
General Syntax:
Class < sub classname > super class < super classname >
We also have provided an overall basic about OTCL and TCL for students to learn about its basic syntax and programming. Another, major language to be focused in NS2 is C++. Students can also refer our other articles, to get more idea about C++ in NS2. For further guidance and also tutoring on NS2, approach us through our online tutoring service. You can also approach us, if you feel to learn NS2 programming along with also your project or assignment accomplishment.
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